Аналіз теоретичних досліджень соціальної згуртованості в зарубіжних наукових джерела
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Анотація
Актуальність. Феномен «соціальна згуртованість» залишається в переліку актуальних проблем суспільного розвитку майже всіх країн світу. Забезпечення та посилення соціальної згуртованості стали важливими цілями в суспільному дискурсі, ухваленні політичних рішень, а також в академічній роботі. Зростання інтересу до соціальної згуртованості в Україні зумовлюється сприйняттям загроз, пов'язаних з війною, яка спричинила дестабілізацію соціальної ситуації в різних сферах суспільного життя, що, безперечно, вплинуло на соціальну згуртованість. Особливої актуальності набуває питання сприяння соціальній згуртованості суспільства не лише під час війни, а й у повоєнний період.
Мета: проаналізувати характер та еволюцію досліджень соціальної згуртованості; з’ясувати базові розбіжності в її визначеннях під кутом зору формування простору відповідної проблематики та означення її психологічних вимірів.
Методологія. Стаття є оглядовою і спирається на теоретичні узагальнення. В основу роботи покладено метод психологічного реконструювання як теоретичного дослідження змістової і структурної архітектоніки конструкта «соціальна згуртованість», що процедурно сприяє виокремленню формально-логічних і змістових ознак досліджуваного феномену.
Результати. Здійснено реконструкцію змістової і структурної архітектоніки конструкта «соціальна згуртованість», представлених у межах різних академічних досліджень. Встановлено, що попри значні розбіжності в тлумаченні соціальної згуртованості є певний консенсус щодо визначення цього поняття. Насамперед це стосується спільного розуміння, що соціальна згуртованість – це багатовимірний конструкт, який можна вимірювати на кількох (мікро-, мезо- і макро-) рівнях. Наразі практично всі дослідники дотримуються думки, що соціальна згуртованість, хоч і перебуває під впливом індивідуальної поведінки та ставлень, є атрибутом, який описує соціальні сутності, а не окремих людей. Соціальну згуртованість концептуалізовано як груповий атрибут, який визначається обсягом і силою взаємних позитивних настановлень між людьми в групі. З’ясовано, що окремі аспекти соціальної згуртованості емпірично пов'язані з моделями соціальної взаємодії та співпраці, а також зауважено зв'язок концепцій соціальної згуртованості із психологічними конструкціями стійкості та вразливості. Виокремлено психологічні виміри соціальної згуртованості: соціальне залучення, довіра, відчуття належності та соціальна взаємодія.
Перспективи подальших досліджень полягають у проведенні якісних досліджень, які контекстуалізують соціальну згуртованість, що сприятиме розробленню психологічних засад згуртованості суспільства та розробленню програм підвищення якості соціальної згуртованості.
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Як цитувати
Сіверс, З. (2023). Аналіз теоретичних досліджень соціальної згуртованості в зарубіжних наукових джерела. Проблеми політичної психології, 14(28), 36-61. https://doi.org/10.33120/popp-Vol14-Year2023-139
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