Development and validation of a questionnaire «Diagnosis of maturity and type of civic identity»
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Abstract
Purpose. The article describes the procedure of developing and approbation of the author's method of diagnosing the maturity and type of civic identity of a personality.
Methodology. The questionnaire contains 7 main scales and 7 subscales and consists of two parts. The first part contains the tasks designed to assess the maturity level of civic identity (scales: Representativeness, Stability, Subject Orientation, Conceptualization), while the second part offers to assess the degree of development/actualization of civil identity dimensions and determine the type of civil identity (scales: Institutional Orientation, Community Orientation, Individual Orientation). At the testing stage 574 citizens aged 16-62 years (average age 32.6 years), 241 men (42%), 333 women (58%) participated in the questionnaire. The internal reliability/coherence of the questionnaire scales was tested using Cronbach's alpha index (ranged 0.704 to 0.852), the "decoupling" method (Spearman-Brown coefficient), and Gutman statistics (coefficient 0.66 to 0.89). Retest reliability was verified with 215 citizens (135 women, 80 men, average age 29.9 years) by retesting after 4 weeks. The correlation coefficients between values of the questionnaire scales (0.73 to 0.88), which were obtained during retesting, had a high significance level (p ≤ 0.001). Construct validity was assessed by determining the factor structure of the questionnaire using exploratory factor analysis with Varimax normalized principal component extraction and confirmatory factor analysis.
The results showed that theoretical models regarding maturity indicators and civic identity dimensions showed satisfactory correspondence with the empirical data. The correlations of civic identity indicators with the characteristics of ego-identity, personal maturity, and civic self-consciousness are evidence of the questionnaire’s convergent validity. The ranges of low, average and high levels of civic identity maturity, as well as institutional, social and individual-role/game orientation were established. By applying cluster analysis (using the method of clusterization tree and averages) there were identified 8 groups of researched persons with different level of development/actualization of civil identity dimensions, which then allowed describing the types of civil identity: Latent; Institutional-social; Community; Community-play; Playful; Institutional-playful; Versatile; State. The overall correctness percentage of the perfect classification is 98.75%, which indicates a high reliability of splitting the individuals into groups with different types of civic identity.
Conclusions. The developed questionnaire is valid, reliable and can be used for further research on civic identity, in particular to determine the level of civic identity maturity and disseminate its types among Ukrainian citizens of all ages, gender, and political orientations.
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References
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